Spiders: Spiders are divided into two tundamental groups or suborders, the Mygalomorphac, or mygalomorph spiders, and the Araneomorphae, the true spiders.
Mygalomorph Spiders. — The mygalomorph spiders are more generalized than the true spiders and ancestral to them. Their chelicerae are parallel with the long axis of the body and move up and down; and each fang pierces the prey from above, making similar parallel punctures. All retain two pairs of book lungs for respiratory organs.
Characteristics of Spiders.—Spiders lay eggs, cover them over with silken sheets, and mold the mass into the egg sac characteristic of the species. The average number of eggs is probably less than one hundred but some large spiders lay nearly three thousand at one time and minute species lay one, two or few. Spiders develop gradually, as do grasshoppers, and resemble the adults through most of their early life, undergoing from three to a dozen molts before they finally become adult. Tarantulas mature very slowly, requiring nine or ten years, and then the females live as much as twenty-five or even thirty years. Most northern spiders live a single year. |